1. Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is 'incorrect.
A. Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
B. Steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus.
C. Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
D. The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.
2. Prostaglandins are ............... substances that regulate neighboring cells.
A. endocrine
B. paracrine
C. eksocrine
D. glycoprotein
3. Cyclic AMP functions as a(n)............... for.......... hormones.
A. binding site; nonsteroid
B. membrane receptor; steroid
C. activity site; G protein
D. second messenger; nonsteroid
4. Which of these is not a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
A. negative feedback
B. direct nervous stimulation
C. release of tropic hormones
D. degradation of the endocrine gland
5. Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
A. in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
B. in the posterior pituitary
C. in the anterior pituitary
D. in the brain stem
6. There are several types of cells in the anterior pituitary. Which ones secrete growth hormone?
A. mammatropes
B. gonadotropes
C. corticotropes
a. somatotropes
7. Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
A. thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. prolactin
8. Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of ................, helps to conserve water during dehydration.
A. antidiuretic hormone
B. oxytocin
C. thyroxine
D. triiodothyronine
9. The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood?
A. thyroxine
B. triiodothyronine
C. calcitonin
D. thyroid-stimulating hormone
10. Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _
A. Grave's disease
B. Cretinism
C. Hashimoto's disease
D. Myxedema
11. The hormone ............. , which is secreted by the adrenal ........ , causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
A. aldosterone; cortex
B. angiotensin I; medulla
C. cortisol; cortex
D. epinephrine; medulla
12. Sex hormones are secreted by _
A. all endocrine tissues of the body
B. the inner cortex of the adrenal medulla
C. the inner cortex of the adrenal medulla and the gonads
D. the gonads
13. In the pancreas .............................. cells secrete insulin, which ............. blood levels of glucose.
A. delta; raises
B. alpha; lowers
C. beta; raises
D. beta; lowers
14. What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (lDDM)?
A. The receptors on the target cells become no longer responsive to insulin.
B. Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
C. The individual consumes too much sugar, which causes an overload in the
bloodstream.
D. Obesity seems to be the most common cause of IDDM. 15. ------------ The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the gland
A. thymus
B. pineal
C. parathyroid
D. pituitary
16. Which of these 'is not an endocrine property?
A. hormones reach targets through the blood
B. effects are slow and cyclic
C. rapid acting effects
D. effects caused by chemicals
17. Which of these does not belong with the others?
A. protein
B. peptide
C. amino acid
D. steroid
18. ............... In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
A. cAMP
B. hormone
C. enzyme
D. receptor
19. Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
A. pancreas
B. testes
C. salivary gland
D. parathyroid
20. Which not a function of the hypothalamus?
A. affect heart rate
B. control temperature
C. affect water balance
D. secrete FSH
21. Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. ACTH
D. ADH
22. Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?
A. ADH
B. Insulin
C. PTH
D. ACTH
23. The hormone.................... causes the contractions of labor.
A. prolactin
B. estrogen
C. oxytocin
D. progesterone
24. Which hormone has the greatest influence on the ability to secrete milk?
A. oxytocin
B. estrogen
C. prolactin
D. progesterone
25. Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
A. somatotropin
B. testosterone
C. insulin
D. somatostatin
26. Which of these does not directly stimulate the gonads?
A. FSH
B. TSH
C. LH
D. ICSH
27. Which hormone has the greatest effect on metabolism?
A. GH
B. Thyroxine
C. TSH
D. ACTH
