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PRAKTEK SEL - JARINGAN - ORGAN

  • PEMBELAJARAN 2011 - 2012
  • PRAKTEK : BIOLOGI KELAS XI IPA
  • MATERI : MEMBUAT PREPARAT SEL - JARINGAN TANAMAN - ORGAN
  • WAKTU : 90 MENIT
  • BAHAN : BAWA DARI RUMAH - DISEDIAKAN
  • REFRENSI : BAB SEL DAN JARINGAN TANAMAN



Anatomy of a cell -- 3 main parts: 
  1. plasma membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. nucleus.
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm -- 2 main parts:
  1. Cytosol
  2. Organelles: beginning with those that are membrane-bound:
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  1. Golgi body
  2. Lysosomes
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Cytoskeleton -- not membrane-bound. Three parts:
  5. Microtubules
  6. Microfilaments
  7. Intermediate filaments
  8. Nucleus
  9. Specialized cell contacts (cell junctions)
  10. Tight junctions
  11. Desmosomes
  12. Gap junctions

TISSUES

Histology = the study of tissues

Epithelium

Definition of epithelium: Tissue that:
  1. covers or lines surfaces and cavities of the body, or
  2. forms glands (= secretory structures)
General characteristics
  1. Cellularity: composed almost entirely of cells
  2. Make specialized contacts
  3. Display polarity (sidedness)
  4. Basement membrane (anchors epithelium to the underlying connective tissue)
  5. Ability to regenerate quickly
  6. Avascular (no blood vessels)
c. Function
  1. Absorption
  2. Secretion and Excretion
  3. Diffusion and Filtration
  4. Propulsion
  5. Protection
Classification
  1. By layering: simple or stratified
  2. By shape: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
A. Simple epithelium
  1. Simple squamous -- thinnest kind
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar Can be further modified: -Microvilli -Goblet cells -Cilia
  4. Pseudostratified columnar
B. Stratified epithelium
  1. 1. Stratified squamous -- thickest
  2. 2. Stratified cuboidal -- rare
  3. 3. Stratified columnar -- very rare
  4. 4. Transitional (changes shape)