A. Ganglion
B. Cranial nerve
C. Spinal cord
D. Peripheral nerve
E. Spinal nerve
2. The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the ___________ division.
A. Motor
B. Cranial
C. Ganglial
D. Efferent
E. Sensory
3. The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the _________ division.
A. Autonomic motor
B. Somatic sensory
C. Somatic motor
D. Visceral sensory
4. Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue?
A. Afferent cells and glial cells
B. Peripheral cells and neurons
C. Glial cells and neurons
D. Peripheral cells and glial cells
E. Glial cells and efferent cells
5. The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are
A. Sensory neurons
B. Motor neurons
C. Accessory neurons
D. Correlation neurons
E. Interneurons
6. The most abundant glial cell in CNS is the
A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal cell
C. Neurolemmocyte
D. Microglial cell
E. Oligodendrocyte
7. The glial cell that helps to form cerebrospinal fluid is the
A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal cell
C. Neurolemmocyte
D. Microglial cell
E. Oligodendrocyte
8. The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the
A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal cell
C. Neurolemmocyte
D. Microglial cell
E. Oligodendrocyte
9. The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is the
A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal cell
C. Neurolemmocyte
D. Microglial cell
E. Oligodendrocyte
10. The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _________ division.
A. Autonomic motor
B. Somatic sensory
C. Somatic motor
D. Visceral sensory
11. The neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) _________ neuron.
A. Autonomic motor
B. Somatic sensory
C. Somatic motor
D. Visceral sensory
12. The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the
A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal cell
C. Neurolemmocyte
D. Microglial Cell
E. Oligodendrocyte
13. A nerve
A. Contains a single axon
B. Is found only in CNS
C. Carries only sensory information
D. Carries information onlyh towards the PNS
E. Is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons
14. What do all glial cells have in common?
A. They help to transmit the nerve signals
B. They transfer blood to the various neurons
C. They assist neurons in their respective functions
D. They all attack pathogens
E. They absorb extra bood and cerebrospinal fluid
15. The glossy-white apperance of most axons is due to
A. The high lipid content of the myelin sheath
B. Their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage
C. Their proximity to white bone
D. The white color of the perivascular feet
E. The covering of ependymal cells
16. The condition is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by muscle weakness that begins in the distal limbs, but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well.
A. Guillani-Barre syndrome
B. Parkinson Disease
C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
E. None of the choices are correct
17. The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in
A. The posterior horn of the spinal cord
B. The anterior horn of the spinal cord
C. The motor association cortex of the cerebrum
D. The postcentral gyrus of the cerebrum
E. The precentral gyrus of the cerebrum
18. Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in
A. The posterior horns
B. The anterior horns
C. The posterior column
D. The anterior column
E. The posterior root ganglion
19. Cerebrospinal fluid fills in the space between
A. Dural sheath and dura mater
B. Dural sheath and veterbral bones
C. Dura mater and arachnoid mater
D. Arachnoik mater and pia mater
E. Dura mater and pia mater
20. A ganglion is a
A. Bundle of axons in the CNS
B. Cluster of dendrites in either the CNS of the PNS
C. Cluster of neurosomas in the PNS
D. Bundle of axons in the PNS
E. Cluster of neurosomas in the CNS
21. There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 31
D. 35
E. 62
22. The cardiac, vasomotor and repiratory centers are found in
A. The medulla oblongata
B. The pons
C. The midbrain
D. The spinal cord
E. The diencephalon
23. Which of the following contains the nucleus?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Cell body
D. None of these
24. Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Nucleus
D. Neuroglia
25. a bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a
A. Nerve
B. Dendrite
C. Tract
D. Ganglion
26. Within the perpheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is formed by
A. Schwann Cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Microglial cells
D. Astrocytes
27. An interneuron carries impulses
A. To muscle and glands
B. To the CNS
C. Always within the CNS
28. a motor neuron carries impulse
A. To muscles and glands
B. To the CNS
C. Always within the CNS
29. What ion is found on the outside of the neuron membrane that mostly contributes to a postive resting potential?
A. Calcium
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Chloride
30. The resting potential of a neuron is measured at
A. +70 millivolts
B. +1.5 volts
C. -45 millivolts
D. -70 millivolts
31. What system keeps the neuron at resting potential?
A. Osmosis
B. Pinocytosis
C. Sodium-potassium pump
D. Facilitated diffusion
32. An action potential begins with a
A. Stimulus
B. Depolarization
C. Repolarization
D. Refractory period
33. A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow _________ to flow into the neuron, causing the inside to become _______ charged.
A. Sodium, negatively
B. Sodium, positively
C. Potassium, negatively
D. Potassium, positively
34. During depolorization
A. Potassium ions move outside the neuron
B. Sodium ions move inside the neuron
C. Electrons stream along the axon
D. Calcium ions move inside the neuron
35. During repolarization
A. Chloride ions move outside the neuron
B. Sodium ions move inside the neuron
C. Potassium ions move outside the neuron
D. Electrons stop moving alon the axon
36. What does the action potential consist of ?
A. Depolarization
B. Repolarization
C. Resting potential
D. Depolarization and repolarization
37. The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called
A. Point to point conduction
B. Refractory conduction
C. Saltatory conduction
D. Summary conduction
38. The small gap between two successive neurons is called the
A. Synaptic cleft
B. Axon terminal
C. Dendrite terminal
D. Neurotransmitter
39. What flows across the synaptic cleft?
A. Sodium ions
B. Electrons
C. A neurotransmitter
D. Potassium ions
40. What triggers the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron vesicles?
A. Sodium ions
B. Potassium ions
C. Electrons
D. Calcium ions
41. Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Acetylcholinesterase
C. An enzyme
D. Acetylcholinesterase and an enzyme
42. What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse?
A. It stimulated the post-synaptic neuron
B. It breaks down acetylcholine
C. It releases calcium ions
D. All of the choices are roles
43. In which direction does the transmission cross a synapse?
A. Dendrite to axon
B. Axon to dendrite
C. Either way
D. Both ways
44. Which disease is due, in part, to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain?
A. Parkinson's disease
B. Huntington's disease
C. Alzheimer's disease
D. All of the choices are correct
45. Tracts of myelinated axons in the CNS make up the
A. White matter
B. Gray matter
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
D. Ventricles
46. The protective membranes around the brain and the spinal cord are the
A. Ventricles
B. Meninges
C. Serous membranes
D. Arbor vitae
47. Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from the superficial to deep?
A. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
B. Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
C. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
D. Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
48. The tough outer meninx is the
A. Dura mater
B. Arachnoid mater
C. Pia mater
49. The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the
A. Dural venous sinus
B. Subdural space
C. Subarachnoid space
D. Epidural space
50. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by
A. Dural mater
B. Pia mater
C. Ventricles
D. Ependymal cells
51. What do the ventricles of the brain contain?
A. Meninges
B. Dura mater
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
D. Meninges and dura mater
